![]() ![]() Modern optical answer sheets are read based on reflected light, measuring lightness and darkness. Because of this, number two pencils had to be used to fill in the bubbles- graphite is a very opaque substance which absorbs or reflects most of the light which hits it. As some phototubes are mostly sensitive to the blue end of the visible spectrum, blue pens could not be used, as blue inks reflect and transmit blue light. The first optical answer sheets were read by shining a light through the sheet and measuring how much of the light was blocked using phototubes on the opposite side. In this way students' answers can be digitally recorded, or identity given. Bar codes may mark the sheet for automatic processing, and each series of ovals filled will return a certain value when read. Optical answer sheets usually have a set of blank ovals or boxes that correspond to each question, often on separate sheets of paper. The Scantron Corporation creates many optical answer sheets, although certain uses require their own customized system. The marks are added to each (normally facing/odd) page of a mail document and consist of a sequence of black dashes that folder inserter equipment scans in order to determine when the mail should be folded then inserted in an envelope.Ī response to an SAT math question marked on an optical answer sheetĪn optical answer sheet or bubble sheet is a special type of form used in multiple choice question examinations. OMR marks are also added to items of printed mail so folder inserter equipment can be used. Due to its extremely low error rate, low cost and ease-of-use, OMR is a popular method of tallying votes. ![]() These forms are optimized for computer scanning, with careful registration in the printing, and careful design so that ambiguity is reduced to the minimum possible. Many of today's OMR applications involve people filling in specialized forms. ![]() Then the sheet is automatically graded by a scanning machine. Students, likewise, mark answers or other information by darkening circles marked on a pre-printed sheet. In most Asian countries, a special marker is used to fill in an optical answer sheet. The large "bubble" marks are legacy technology from very early OMR machines that were so insensitive a large mark was required for reliability. Lozenge marks represent a later technology that is easier to mark and easier to erase. The most familiar form in the United Kingdom is the UK National lottery form.In the United States and most European countries, a horizontal or vertical "tick" in a rectangular "lozenge" is the most commonly used type of OMR form.The sheet is then graded by a scanning machine. Students mark their answers, or other personal information, by darkening circles on a forms. One of the most familiar applications of OMR is the use of #2 pencil (HB in Europe) bubble optical answer sheets in multiple choice question examinations. A related field to OMR and OCR is the recognition of barcodes, such as the UPC bar code found on product packaging. This does require the image to have high contrast and an easily recognizable or irrelevant shape. That is, the marks are constructed in such a way that there is little chance that the OMR device will not read them correctly. OMR is generally distinguished from optical character recognition (OCR) by the fact that a complicated pattern recognition engine is not required. The OMR software then works with a common desktop image scanner with a document feeder to process the forms once filled out. In contrast to the dedicated OMR device, desktop OMR software allows a user to create their own forms in a word processor or computer and print them on a laser laser printer. It will pick up any black marks on either side of the paper because they reduce the amount of light passing through. The device can then measure the amount of light that passes through the paper. Some OMR devices use forms that are printed on transoptic paper. It will detect the black marks because they reflect less light than the blank areas on the form. The device then looks at the contrasting reflectivity of the light at certain positions on the form. Many OMR devices have a scanner that shines a light onto a form. OMR tests form, with registration marks and drop-out colors, designed to be scanned by dedicated OMR device ![]()
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